CyberSec Research

The uniqueness of purifications of quantum states on a system $A$ up to local unitary transformations on a purifying system $B$ is central to quantum information theory. We show that, if the two systems are modelled by commuting von Neumann algebras $M_A$ and $M_B$ on a Hilbert space $\mathcal H$, then uniqueness of purifications is equivalent to Haag duality $M_A = M_B'$. In particular, the uniqueness of purifications can fail in systems with infinitely many degrees of freedom -- even when $M_A$ and $M_B$ are commuting factors that jointly generate $B(\mathcal H)$ and hence allow for local tomography of all density matrices on $\mathcal H$.

We present an explicit formula for the $K$-theory of the $C^*$-algebra associated with a relative generalized Boolean dynamical system $(\CB, \CL, \theta, \CI_\af; \CJ)$. In particular, we find concrete generators for the $K_1$-group of $C^*(\CB, \CL, \theta, \CI_\af; \CJ)$. We also prove that every gauge-invariant ideal of $C^*(\CB, \CL, \theta, \CI_\af; \CJ)$ is Morita equivalent to a $C^*$-algebra of a relative generalized Boolean dynamical system. As a structural application, we show that if the underlying Boolean dynamical system $(\CB, \CL, \theta)$ satisfies Condition (K), then the associated $C^*$-algebra is $K_0$-liftable. Furthermore, we deduce that if $C^*(\CB, \CL, \theta, \CI_\af; \CJ)$ is separable and purely infinite, then it has real rank zero.

We compare the notions of metric-compatibility and torsion of a connection in the frameworks of Beggs-Majid and Mesland-Rennie. It follows that for $\ast$-preserving connections, compatibility with a real metric in the sense of Beggs-Majid corresponds to Hermitian connections in the sense of Mesland-Rennie. If the calculus is quasi-tame, the torsion zero conditions are equivalent. A combination of these results proves the existence and uniqueness of Levi-Civita connections in the sense of Mesland-Rennie for unitary cocycle deformations of a large class of Riemannian manifolds as well as the Heckenberger-Kolb calculi on all quantized irreducible flag manifolds.

Quantum instruments are mathematical devices introduced to describe the conditional state change during a quantum process. They are completely positive map valued measures on measurable spaces. We may also view them as non-commutative analogues of joint probability measures. We analyze the $C^*$-convexity structure of spaces of quantum instruments. A complete description of the $C^*$-extreme instruments in finite dimensions has been established. Further, the implications of $C^*$-extremity between quantum instruments and their marginals has been explored.

We introduce and study actions of Fell bundles over discrete groups on Hilbert bundles. Many examples of such actions are presented. We discuss the connection with positive definite bundle maps between Fell bundles, culminating in the unital case in a Gelfand-Raikov type theorem. We also use these actions to construct C*-correspondences over cross-sectional C*-algebras of Fell bundles.

We show that isomorphism classes $[\mathcal{A}]$ of flat $q\times q$ matrix bundles $\mathcal{A}$ (or projectively flat rank-$q$ complex vector bundles $\mathcal{E}$) on a pro-torus $\mathbb{T}$ are in bijective correspondence with the \v{C}ech cohomology group $H^2(\mathbb{T},\mu_q:=\text{$q^{th}$ roots of unity})$ (respectively $H^2(\mathbb{Z})$) via the image of $[A]\in H^1(\mathbb{T},PGL(q,\mathcal{C}_{\mathbb{T}}))$ through $H^1(\mathbb{T},PGL(q,\mathcal{C}_{\mathbb{T}}))\xrightarrow{\quad}H^2(\mathbb{T},\mu(q,\mathcal{C}_{\mathbb{T}}))$ (respectively the first Chern class $c_1(\mathcal{E})$). This is in the spirit of Auslander-Szczarba's result identifying real flat bundles on the torus with their first two Stiefel-Whitney classes, and contrasts with classifying spaces $B\Gamma$ of compact Lie groups $\Gamma$ (as opposed to $\mathbb{T}^n\cong B\mathbb{Z}^n$), on which flat non-trivial vector bundles abound. The discussion both recovers the Disney-Elliott-Kumjian-Raeburn classification of rational non-commutative tori $\mathbb{T}^n_{\theta}$ with a different, bundle-theoretic proof, and sheds some light on the connection between topological invariants associated to $\mathbb{T}^2_{\theta}$, $\theta\in\mathbb{Q}$ by Rieffel and respectively H{\o}egh-Krohn-Skjelbred.

We show that every closed (resp., weak$^*$-closed) inner ideal $I$ of a real JB$^*$-triple (resp. a real JBW$^*$-triple) $E$ is Hahn--Banach smooth (resp., weak$^*$-Hahn--Banach smooth). Contrary to what is known for complex JB$^*$-triples, being (weak$^*$-)Hahn--Banach smooth does not characterise (weak$^*$-)closed inner ideals in real JB(W)$^*$-triples. We prove here that a closed (resp., weak$^*$-closed) subtriple of a real JB$^*$-triple (resp., a real JBW$^*$-triple) is Hahn-Banach smooth (resp., weak$^*$-Hahn-Banach smooth) if, and only if, it is a hereditary subtriple. If we assume that $E$ is a reduced and atomic JBW$^*$-triple, every weak$^*$-closed subtriple of $E$ which is also weak$^*$-Hahn-Banach smooth is an inner ideal.\smallskip In case that $C$ is the realification of a complex Cartan factor or a non-reduced real Cartan factor, we show that every weak$^*$-closed subtriple of $C$ which is weak$^*$-Hahn-Banach smooth and has rank $\geq 2$ is an inner ideal. The previous conclusions are finally combined to prove the following: Let $I$ be a closed subtriple of a real JB$^*$-triple $E$ satisfying the following hypotheses: $(a)$ $I^*$ is separable. $(b)$ $I$ is weak$^*$-Hahn-Banach smooth. $(c)$ The projection of $I^{**}$ onto each real or complex Cartan factor summand in the atomic part of $E^{**}$ is zero or has rank $\geq 2$. Then $I$ is an inner ideal of $E$.

This work undertakes a twofold investigation. In the first part, we examine the inequalities and uncertainty principles in the framework of offset linear canonical transform (OLCT), with particular attention to its scaling and shifting effects. Theoretical developments are complemented by numerical simulations that substantiate and illustrate the analytical results. In the second part, we establish the connection of quaternion offset linear canonical transform (QOLCT) and the OLCT by employing the orthogonal plane split (OPS) approach. Through this approach, the inequalities and uncertainty principles derived for the OLCT are extended to the QOLCT. Moreover, the computational methods designed for the OLCT may be systematically adapted to facilitate the numerical implementation of the QOLCT using this connection between OLCT and QOLCT.

Given an almost unimodular $G$, so that the Plancherel weight $\varphi_G$ on the group von Neumann algebra $L(G)$ is almost periodic, we show that the basic construction for the inclusion $L(G)^{\varphi_G} \leq L(G)$ is isomorphic to a twisted group von Neumann algebra of $G \times \Delta_G(G)\hat{\ }$ with a continuous 2-cocycle, where $\Delta_G$ is the modular function. We show that when $G$ is second countable and admits a Borel 2-cocycle, $G$ is almost unimodular if and only if the central extension $\mathbb{T} \rtimes_{(1,\omega)} G$ is almost unimodular. Using this result and the connection between $\omega$-projective representations of $G$ and the representations of $\mathbb{T} \rtimes_{(1,\omega)} G$, we show that the formal degrees of irreducible and factorial square integrable projective representations behaved similarly to their representations counterparts and obtain the Atiyah--Schmid formula in the setting of second countable almost unimodular groups with a 2-cocycle twist and a finite covolume subgroup, which uses the Murray--von Neumann dimension for certain Hilbert space modules over the twisted group von Neumann algebra with its twisted Plancherel weight.

In this note, we first study the notion of subexponential decay (SD) for countable groups with respect to a length function, which generalizes the well-known rapid decay (RD) property, first discovered by Haagerup in 1979. Several natural properties and examples are studied, especially including groups that have SD, but not RD. This consideration naturally has applications in $C^*$-algebras. We also consider in this setting a permanence theorem for decay in amalgamated free products (proved also recently by Chatterji--Gautero), and demonstrate that it is in a precise sense optimal.

We extend the theory of regularity structures [Hai14] to allow processes belonging to locally $m$-convex topological algebras. This extension includes processes in the locally $C^{*}$-algebras of [CHP25] used to localise singular stochastic partial differential equations involving fermions, as well as processes in Banach algebras such as infinite-dimensional semicircular\circular Brownian motion, and more generally the $q$-Gaussians of [BS91, BKS97, Bo\.z99]. A new challenge we encounter in the $q$-Gaussian setting with $q \in (-1,1)$ are noncommutative renormalisation estimates where we must estimate operators in homogeneous $q$-Gaussian chaoses with arbitrary operator insertions. We introduce a new Banach algebra norm on $q$-Gaussian operators that allows us to control such insertions; we believe this construction could be of independent interest.

We prove an extension property for $M_d$-multipliers from a subgroup to the ambient group, showing that $M_{d+1}(G)$ is strictly contained in $M_d(G)$ whenever $G$ contains a free subgroup. Another consequence of this result is the stability of the $M_d$-approximation property under group extensions. We also show that Baumslag-Solitar groups are $M_d$-weakly amenable with $\boldsymbol\Lambda(\operatorname{BS}(m,n),d)=1$ for all $d\geq 2$. Finally, we show that, for simple Lie groups with finite centre, $M_d$-weak amenability is equivalent to weak amenability, and we provide some estimates on the constants $\boldsymbol\Lambda(G,d)$.

Commutativity gadgets allow NP-hardness proofs for classical constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) to be carried over to undecidability proofs for the corresponding entangled CSPs. This has been done, for instance, for NP-complete boolean CSPs and 3-colouring in the work of Culf and Mastel. For many CSPs over larger alphabets, including $k$-colouring when $k \geq 4$, it is not known whether or not commutativity gadgets exist, or if the entangled CSP is decidable. In this paper, we study commutativity gadgets and prove the first known obstruction to their existence. We do this by extending the definition of the quantum automorphism group of a graph to the quantum endomorphism monoid of a CSP, and showing that a CSP with non-classical quantum endomorphism monoid does not admit a commutativity gadget. In particular, this shows that no commutativity gadget exists for $k$-colouring when $k \geq 4$. However, we construct a commutativity gadget for an alternate way of presenting $k$-colouring as a nonlocal game, the oracular setting. Furthermore, we prove an easy to check sufficient condition for the quantum endomorphism monoid to be non-classical, extending a result of Schmidt for the quantum automorphism group of a graph, and use this to give examples of CSPs that do not admit a commutativity gadget. We also show that existence of oracular commutativity gadgets is preserved under categorical powers of graphs; existence of commutativity gadgets and oracular commutativity gadgets is equivalent for graphs with no four-cycle; and that the odd cycles and the odd graphs have a commutative quantum endomorphism monoid, leaving open the possibility that they might admit a commutativity gadget.

For an ample groupoid with torsion-free stabilizers, we construct a Chern character map going from the domain of the Baum-Connes assembly map of G to the groupoid homology groups of G with rational coefficients. As a main application, assuming the (rational) Baum-Connes conjecture, we prove the rational form of Matui's HK conjecture, i.e., we show that the operator K-groups of the groupoid C*-algebra are rationally isomorphic to the periodicized groupoid homology groups. Our construction hinges on the recent $\infty$-categorical viewpoint on bivariant K-theory, and does not rely on typical noncommutative geometry tools such as the Chern-Connes character and the periodic cyclic homology of smooth algebras. We also present applications to the homology of hyperbolic dynamical systems, the homology of topological full groups, the homotopy type of the algebraic K-theory spectrum of ample groupoids, and the Elliott invariant of classifiable C*-algebras.

In this article we develop a unified framework for proving Morita invariance of cohomology theories associated to Lie groupoids. Our approach is to view these cohomology theories as arising from sheaves of modules on the nerve of the groupoid. We establish criteria for when such sheaves of modules give rise to Morita invariant cohomology theories.

We show the singular ideal in a non-Hausdorff \'etale groupoid C*-algebra is zero if and only if every unit is contained, at the level of group representation theory, in the collection of subgroups of the unit's isotropy group obtained as limit sets of nets in the "Hausdorff part" of the unit space. This is achieved through a study of the interplay between the Hausdorff cover and restriction maps on C*-algebras of groupoids to reductions by closed locally invariant subsets, which we show are compressible to *-homomorphisms and therefore have many of the same properties. We also prove a simpler algebraic characterization of zero singular ideal that holds whenever the isotropy group C*-algebras satisfy a certain ideal intersection property. We prove this property holds for all direct limits of virtually torsion free solvable groups.

In this paper, we introduce a notion of stable coarse algebras for metric spaces with bounded geometry, and formulate the twisted coarse Baum--Connes conjecture with respect to stable coarse algebras. We prove permanence properties of this conjecture under coarse equivalences, unions and subspaces. As an application, we study higher index theory for a group $G$ that is hyperbolic relative to a finite family of subgroups $\{H_1, H_2, \dots, H_N\}$. We prove that $G$ satisfies the twisted coarse Baum--Connes conjecture with respect to any stable coarse algebra if and only if each subgroup $H_i$ does.

Let $\mathcal{A}$ and $\mathcal{B}$ be two algebras, let $\mathcal{M}$ be a $\mathcal{B}$-bimodule and let $n$ be a positive integer. A linear mapping $D_n:\mathcal{A} \rightarrow \mathcal{M}$ is called a strongly generalized derivation of order $n$, if there exist the families $\{E_k:\mathcal{A} \rightarrow \mathcal{M}\}_{k = 1}^{n}$, $\{H_k:\mathcal{A} \rightarrow \mathcal{M}\}_{k = 1}^{n}$, $\{F_k:\mathcal{A} \rightarrow \mathcal{B}\}_{k = 1}^{n}$ and $\{G_k:\mathcal{A} \rightarrow \mathcal{B}\}_{k = 1}^{n}$ of mappings which satisfy $$D_n(ab) = \sum_{k = 1}^{n}\left[E_k(a) F_k(b) + G_k(a)H_k(b)\right]$$ for all $a, b \in \mathcal{A}$. In this paper, we prove that every strongly generalized derivation of order one from a $C^{\ast}$-algebra into a Banach bimodule is automatically continuous under certain conditions. The main theorem of this paper extends some celebrated results in this regard.